UCASE$

It converts string values to uppercase.
Example:

CLS
x$ = "teach school"
PRINT UCASE$(x$)
END

Output:

TEACH SCHOOL

LCASE$

It converts string value to lowercase.
Example:

CLS
x$ = "TEACH SCHOOL"
PRINT LCASE$(x$)
END

Output:

teach school

LEFT$

it extract and return the number of characters from the let of a string.
Example:

CLS
x$ = "computer"
PRINT LEFT$(x$, 5)
END

Output:

compu

RIGHT$

It extract and return the numbers of characters from the right of a string.
Example:

CLS
x$ = "computer"
PRINT RIGHT$(x$, 4)
END

Output:

uter

MID$

It is used to pick up the required strings from the string.
Example:

CLS
a$ = "computer"
PRINT MID$(a$, 3, 5)
END

Output:

mpute

Video Tutorial for more information

LTRIM$

LRTIM$ is used to remove the spaces from the left of the string and RTRIM$ is used to remove the spaces from the right of the string.
Example:

CLS
a$ = "computer        "
b$ = "        science"
PRINT a$ + b$
PRINT RTRIM$(a$) + LTRIM$(b$)
END

Output:

computer              science
computerscience

LEN

It returns the length of a give string.
Example:

CLS
b$ = "nepal"
PRINT LEN(b$)
END

Output:

5

VAL

If both string are started with number value. This function can perform mathematical calculations among them.
Example:

CLS
a$ = "10 boys"
b$ = "20 girls"
total = VAL(a$) + VAL(b$)
PRINT "Total students = "; total
END

Output:

Total students = 30

ASC

It returns ASCII value of a character.
Example:

CLS
x$ = "A"
PRINT ASC(x$)
END

Output:

65

Some ASCII value of characters are given below

Characters ASCII value
A to Z (Capital letters) 65 to 90
a to z (Small letters) 97 to 122
0 to 9 (Numbers) 48 to 57

CHR$

It returns character value of a give ASCII code.
Example:

CLS
PRINT CHR$(65)
END
 
CLS
FOR i = 65 TO 90
PRINT i; "="; CHR$(i)
NEXT i
END
Output:

A
 Output:

65 = A
66 = B
.
.
90 = Z

Video Tutorial for more Information

STR$

It converts numeric value to string value, which cannot be used for mathematical calculations.
Example:

CLS
a = 50
b = 20
PRINT "Before using STR$ : "; a + b
PRINT "After using STR$ : "; STR$(a) + STR$(b)
END

Output:

 
Before using STR$ : 70
After using STR$ : 50 70

STRING$

It returns a string of a specified length made up of a repeating character.
Example:

CLS
PRINT STRING$(5, 97)
END
 
 
CLS
FOR i = 5 TO 1 STEP -1
    PRINT STRING$(i, "A")
NEXT i
END
Output:

aaaaa
 Output:

AAAAA
AAAA
AAA
AA
A

SPACE$

It is used to put blank spaces.
Example:

CLS
PRINT "Class"; SPACE$(6); "Roll.No"
END

Output:

Class      Roll.NO

TAB

It is used to put Tab.
Example:

CLS
x$ = "Name"
y$ = "Address"
PRINT TAB(5); x$; TAB(10); y$
END

Output:

 
     Name  Address

DATE$ and TIME$

DATE$ and TIME$ returns the current date and time respectively.
Example:

CLS
PRINT DATE$
PRINT TIME$
END

 

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